Complex traits refer to characteristics or phenotypes that are influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. These traits are typically polygenic, meaning that they are determined by the interaction of multiple genes, each with a small effect. Research in complex traits focuses on understanding the genetic basis of these traits, as well as how they interact with environmental factors to produce a particular phenotype. This field of study often involves the use of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genetic variants that are associated with complex traits. Examples of complex traits include height, intelligence, and susceptibility to diseases such as diabetes and cancer. Studying complex traits can provide insights into the underlying biology of these phenotypes and may help to identify potential therapeutic targets for treating or preventing complex diseases.